Administer caffeine citrate intravenously or orally once daily at approximately the same time each day. For intravenous use, the loading dose should be administered via a syringe infusion pump or other metered device over at least 30 minutes, while maintenance doses are typically infused over 10 to 20 minutes; intravenous preparations may be given undiluted or diluted with compatible fluids such as 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride. The oral solution can be administered with or without feeds, though giving with feeds may minimize gastrointestinal irritation. Use with caution in neonates with impaired renal or hepatic function, as dose adjustments or serum concentration monitoring may be necessary to avoid toxicity. Heart rate must be monitored regularly, and the dose should be withheld if tachycardia exceeds 180 beats per minute. Treatment is typically indicated for apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and less than 33 weeks gestational age.

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